Группы 1 2 3 4 5 6 Таблица
R001: Total, all contries or areas
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
1,53
100
2010
1,62
106
2015
1,69
111
2017
1,72
112
R015: Northern Africa
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,318
100
2010
0,452
142
2015
0,613
193
2017
0,609
191
R202: Sub-Saharan Africa
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,367
100
2010
0,355
97
2015
0,369
101
2017
0,377
103
R021: Northern America
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
2,47
100
2010
2,66
108
2015
2,63
106
2017
2,69
109
R419: Latin America & the Caribbean
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,550
100
2010
0,661
120
2015
0,727
132
2017
0,666
121
R143: Central Asia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,250
100
2010
0,176
71
2015
0,181
73
2017
0,151
60
R030: Eastern Asia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
2,04
100
2010
2,17
106
2015
2,42
118
2017
2,47
121
R035: South-eastern Asia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,636
100
2010
0,746
117
2015
0,883
139
2017
0,967
152
R034: Southern Asia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,693
100
2010
0,698
101
2015
0,566
82
2017
0,562
81
R145: Western Asia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,454
100
2010
0,495
109
2015
0,594
131
2017
0,612
135
R150: Europe
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
1,59
100
2010
1,74
110
2015
1,84
116
2017
1,86
117
R053: Australia and New Zealand
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
1,90
100
2010
2,23
118
2015
1,83
97
2017
1,85
97
R008: Albania
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2008
0,154
100
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2008
3,26
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2008
80,8
100
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2008
8,57
100
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2008
7,37
100
R012: Algeria
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,066
100
2017
0,542
822
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2017
6,74
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2017
93,1
100
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2017
0,025
100
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2017
0,031
100
R016: American Samoa
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,365
100
2006
0,393
108
R024: Angola
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2016
0,032
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2016
100
100
R032: Argentina
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,421
100
2008
0,471
112
2010
0,561
133
2015
0,623
148
2017
0,542
129
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
31,0
100
2008
26,5
86
2015
19,2
62
2017
16,5
53
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
59,6
100
2008
67,6
113
2015
74,8
125
2017
72,6
122
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
5,72
100
2008
4,36
76
2015
1,99
35
2017
1,75
31
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
0,680
100
2008
0,597
88
2015
3,53
519
2017
8,52
1 254
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
2,97
100
2008
0,964
32
2015
0,535
18
2017
0,565
19
R051: Armenia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,258
100
2010
0,241
94
2015
0,250
97
2018
0,189
73
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2018
16,7
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
77,5
100
2010
84,5
109
2015
73,8
95
2018
68,7
89
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
4,73
100
2010
11,7
246
2015
2,28
48
2018
5,56
117
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2005
17,8
100
2010
3,83
22
2015
23,9
134
2018
9,10
51
R036: Australia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2004
1,85
100
2008
2,40
130
2010
2,38
128
2015
1,92
103
2017
1,87
101
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2004
54,6
100
2008
61,9
113
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2004
40,3
100
2008
34,6
86
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2004
0,371
100
2008
0,121
33
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2004
2,87
100
2008
1,61
56
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2004
1,88
100
2008
1,77
94
R040: Austria
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2004
2,17
100
2005
2,37
110
2009
2,60
120
2010
2,73
126
2015
3,05
141
2017
3,05
141
2018
3,17
146
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2004
47,2
100
2005
45,6
97
2009
47,1
100
2010
45,1
96
2015
49,7
105
2017
54,7
116
2018
54,4
115
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2004
32,6
100
2005
35,9
110
2009
34,9
107
2010
38,3
117
2015
32,6
100
2017
27,6
85
2018
29,4
90
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2004
0,412
100
2009
0,670
163
2015
0,602
146
2017
0,784
190
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2004
19,4
100
2005
18,0
93
2009
16,8
87
2010
16,1
83
2015
16,6
85
2017
16,6
86
2018
15,6
81
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2004
0,480
100
2005
0,432
90
2009
0,564
117
2010
0,542
113
2015
0,517
108
2017
0,345
72
2018
0,578
120
R031: Azerbaijan
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,220
100
2010
0,219
99
2014
0,210
95
2015
0,222
101
2016
0,206
94
2017
0,185
84
2018
0,185
84
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
18,7
100
2010
9,61
51
2014
30,5
163
2015
32,2
172
2016
29,9
160
2017
32,0
171
2018
30,8
164
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
77,5
100
2010
88,2
114
2014
67,6
87
2015
65,8
85
2016
68,5
88
2017
67,2
87
2018
68,7
89
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
0,021
100
2010
0,312
1 477
2014
0,808
3 828
2015
0,414
1 960
2016
1,44
6 841
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
2,43
100
2010
0,023
1
2014
0,162
7
2017
0,077
3
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
1,32
100
2010
1,87
142
2014
0,889
68
2015
1,65
126
2016
0,160
12
2017
0,693
53
2018
0,542
41
R048: Bahrain
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2014
0,101
100
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2014
21,8
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2014
41,5
100
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2014
12,4
100
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2014
1,08
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2014
2,00
100
R112: Belarus
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,679
100
2008
0,742
109
2010
0,653
96
2015
0,500
74
2018
0,608
90
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
21,2
100
2008
36,5
172
2010
27,1
128
2015
41,3
195
2018
45,0
212
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
71,9
100
2008
57,6
80
2010
58,7
82
2015
46,0
64
2018
41,8
58
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
0,671
100
2008
0,310
46
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
6,25
100
2008
5,52
88
2010
13,6
217
2015
12,7
203
2018
13,2
211
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2008
0,085
100
2010
0,602
707
R056: Belgium
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
1,78
100
2010
2,05
115
2015
2,46
138
2017
2,70
152
2018
2,82
158
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
59,7
100
2010
57,6
96
2015
58,6
98
2017
63,5
106
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
24,7
100
2010
25,4
103
2015
22,5
91
2017
20,0
81
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
2,63
100
2010
3,11
119
2015
1,99
76
2017
2,99
114
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
12,4
100
2010
13,3
107
2015
16,5
133
2017
13,0
105
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,635
100
2010
0,562
88
2015
0,362
57
2017
0,513
81
R060: Bermuda
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2010
0,205
100
2015
0,220
108
2018
0,260
127
R068: Bolivia (Plurin. State of)
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2002
0,277
100
2009
0,157
57
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2002
16
100
2009
5,20
33
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2002
20
100
2009
51,2
256
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2002
31
100
2009
26,5
86
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2002
14
100
2009
1,86
13
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2009
13,2
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2002
19
100
2009
2,05
11
R070: Bosnia and Herzegovina
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,027
100
2009
0,021
78
2013
0,321
1 190
2015
0,219
810
2017
0,201
743
2018
0,199
736
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2013
1,83
100
2015
31,4
1 716
2017
29,1
1 590
2018
28,9
1 582
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2013
25,3
100
2015
37,6
148
2017
41,2
163
2018
40,9
161
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2013
53,9
100
2015
16,9
31
2017
16,4
30
2018
20,4
38
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2013
18,9
100
2017
0,095
1
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2015
0,032
100
2017
0,113
353
2018
0,006
19
R072: Botswana
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,533
100
2012
0,259
49
2013
0,537
101
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2012
5,81
100
2013
17,7
304
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2012
73,9
100
2013
59,7
81
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2012
6,81
100
2013
21,7
318
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2012
0,197
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2012
0,742
100
R076: Brazil
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
1,00
100
2010
1,16
116
2015
1,34
134
2017
1,26
126
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
50,4
100
2010
47,0
93
2015
45,5
90
2017
47,5
94
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
47,7
100
2010
51,1
107
2015
52,2
110
2017
49,7
104
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
1,90
100
2010
1,85
97
2015
2,22
117
2017
2,81
148
R096: Brunei Darussalam
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2003
0,018
100
2004
0,037
201
2018
0,278
1 509
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2003
6,66
100
2004
1,58
24
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2003
86,8
100
2004
91,0
105
2018
97,0
112
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2003
6,56
100
2018
0,149
2
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2018
0,593
100
R100: Bulgaria
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,446
100
2010
0,564
126
2015
0,960
215
2017
0,752
169
2018
0,768
172
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
27,8
100
2010
16,7
60
2015
35,6
128
2017
43,2
155
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
63,9
100
2010
43,2
68
2015
20,3
32
2017
24,3
38
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
0,353
100
2010
0,484
137
2015
0,084
24
2017
0,056
16
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
7,59
100
2010
39,6
522
2015
43,8
578
2017
32,2
424
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,272
100
2010
0,095
35
2015
0,141
52
2017
0,221
81
R854: Burkina Faso
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,171
100
2009
0,200
117
2014
0,222
130
2017
0,701
411
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2009
11,9
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
100
100
2009
9,05
9
2014
98,4
98
2017
93,6
94
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2009
12,2
100
2014
0,027
0
2017
1,57
13
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2009
59,6
100
2014
1,49
2
2017
4,84
8
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2009
5,92
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2009
1,27
100
2014
0,090
7
R108: Burundi
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2008
0,154
100
2010
0,137
89
2012
0,107
69
2018
0,210
136
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2018
8,81
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2008
59,9
100
2018
64,8
108
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2008
39,9
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2018
26,4
100
R132: Cabo Verde
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2011
0,073
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2011
100
100
R116: Cambodia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2002
0,050
100
2015
0,118
237
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2015
19,4
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2002
17,9
100
2015
23,5
131
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2002
28,4
100
2015
34,9
123
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2002
10,6
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2002
43,0
100
2015
22,1
51
R124: Canada
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
1,98
100
2010
1,83
93
2015
1,70
86
2018
1,57
79
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
49,3
100
2010
47,2
96
2015
44,0
89
2018
41,1
83
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
31,8
100
2010
34,9
110
2015
31,6
100
2018
33,1
104
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
7,29
100
2010
7,86
108
2015
10,0
137
2018
11,1
152
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
8,78
100
2010
6,58
75
2015
9,76
111
2018
9,33
106
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
2,80
100
2010
3,51
125
2015
3,99
143
2018
4,52
162
R148: Chad
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2016
0,301
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2016
100
100
R152: Chile
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2010
0,330
100
2015
0,381
116
2017
0,355
108
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2010
25,4
100
2015
32,8
129
2017
31,4
124
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2010
40,4
100
2015
42,6
106
2017
47,0
116
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2010
12,7
100
2015
11,1
88
2017
15,4
122
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2010
19,8
100
2015
12,9
65
2017
4,45
22
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2010
1,69
100
2015
0,632
37
2017
1,67
99
R156: China
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
1,31
100
2010
1,71
131
2015
2,07
158
2018
2,19
167
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
67,0
100
2010
71,7
107
2015
74,7
111
2018
76,6
114
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
26,3
100
2010
24,0
91
2015
21,3
81
2018
20,2
77
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
0,926
100
2010
1,30
141
2015
0,742
80
2018
0,363
39
R344: China, Hong Kong SAR
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,773
100
2010
0,750
97
2015
0,762
99
2018
0,861
111
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
53,0
100
2010
47,6
90
2015
47,4
89
2018
49,1
93
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
44,1
100
2010
47,3
107
2015
47,1
107
2018
46,9
106
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
0,443
100
2010
0,108
24
2015
0,021
5
2018
0,241
54
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
2,46
100
2010
4,92
200
2015
5,51
224
2018
3,75
152
R446: China, Macao SAR
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,088
100
2007
0,057
65
2008
0,102
115
2010
0,050
57
2015
0,136
154
2018
0,204
231
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
0,233
100
2007
0,071
31
2008
0,182
78
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
88,0
100
2007
89,3
101
2008
91,7
104
2015
87,2
99
2018
66,7
76
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2007
0,594
100
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2005
1,39
100
2007
1,57
113
2008
0,282
20
2015
6,09
438
2018
29,0
2 082
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,395
100
2007
2,78
703
2008
1,37
347
2015
0,469
119
2018
0,279
71
R170: Colombia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,151
100
2010
0,195
129
2015
0,290
192
2017
0,243
161
2018
0,237
157
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2010
23,1
100
2015
44,7
193
2017
49,1
212
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2010
8,86
100
2015
9,64
109
2017
8,17
92
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2010
39,9
100
2015
28,6
72
2017
22,8
57
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2010
0,958
100
2015
0,436
46
2017
0,455
47
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2017
0,411
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2010
27,2
100
2015
16,7
61
2017
19,1
70
R188: Costa Rica
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2004
0,375
100
2009
0,520
139
2010
0,485
129
2015
0,450
120
2017
0,423
113
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2009
28,7
100
2015
4,71
16
2017
3,65
13
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2009
53,0
100
2015
57,4
108
2017
53,6
101
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2009
1,66
100
2015
3,69
222
2017
6,72
405
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2009
13,7
100
2015
31,2
227
2017
36,0
262
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2009
2,82
100
2015
2,93
104
2017
0,032
1
R384: Cote d'Ivoire
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2016
0,096
100
R191: Croatia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,857
100
2010
0,742
87
2015
0,840
98
2017
0,865
101
2018
0,975
114
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
34,3
100
2010
38,8
113
2015
46,6
136
2017
42,6
124
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
58,1
100
2010
49,2
85
2015
36,4
63
2017
43,1
74
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
4,94
100
2010
1,96
40
2015
2,03
41
2017
3,49
71
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
2,60
100
2010
9,86
380
2015
14,5
558
2017
10,8
414
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,048
100
2010
0,200
421
2015
0,492
1 033
2017
0,070
146
R192: Cuba
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,549
100
2010
0,608
111
2015
0,429
78
2016
0,342
62
2017
0,431
78
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
35,0
100
2010
15,0
43
2015
40,0
114
2016
34,5
98
2017
33,0
94
2018
42,0
120
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
60,0
100
2010
75,0
125
2015
55,0
92
2016
62,0
103
2017
66,0
110
2018
56,4
94
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
5,00
100
2010
10,0
200
2015
4,98
100
2016
1,95
39
2017
1,01
20
2018
1,61
32
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2016
1,54
100
R196: Cyprus
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,367
100
2010
0,447
122
2013
0,482
131
2015
0,481
131
2017
0,561
153
2018
0,559
152
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
16,8
100
2010
12,7
76
2013
15,8
94
2015
20,0
120
2017
32,8
196
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
67,0
100
2010
68,3
102
2013
59,5
89
2015
50,6
75
2017
38,5
57
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
4,16
100
2010
3,48
84
2013
5,40
130
2015
5,77
139
2017
5,36
129
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
10,9
100
2010
15,0
137
2013
18,8
172
2015
23,0
210
2017
22,5
206
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2013
0,080
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
1,17
100
2010
0,466
40
2013
0,575
49
2015
0,633
54
2017
0,876
75
R203: Czechia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
1,17
100
2010
1,34
114
2015
1,93
165
2018
1,93
165
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
48,2
100
2010
40,8
85
2015
34,5
72
2018
33,0
68
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
45,2
100
2010
44,4
98
2015
32,2
71
2018
34,1
75
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
1,19
100
2010
0,852
72
2015
0,708
60
2018
1,03
87
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
5,39
100
2010
13,9
258
2015
32,5
603
2018
31,8
589
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,006
100
2010
0,019
334
2015
0,053
939
2018
0,086
1 536
R180: Dem. Rep. of the Congo
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,058
100
2009
0,078
135
2015
0,406
701
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2015
0,043
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
100
100
2009
100
100
2015
34,5
35
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2015
1,45
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2015
0,246
100
R208: Denmark
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
2,39
100
2010
2,92
122
2015
3,06
128
2017
3,05
127
2018
3,06
128
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
59,5
100
2010
61,1
103
2015
59,1
99
2017
58,5
98
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
27,6
100
2010
28,2
102
2015
30,2
109
2017
27,2
99
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
10,1
100
2010
7,24
72
2015
6,27
62
2017
8,92
89
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
2,82
100
2010
3,45
122
2015
4,42
157
2017
5,35
189
R218: Ecuador
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2003
0,057
100
2010
0,403
702
2014
0,443
771
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2010
1,00
100
2014
0,117
12
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2010
40,2
100
2014
42,4
106
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2010
9,58
100
2014
12,6
132
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2010
5,33
100
2014
2,46
46
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2010
43,4
100
2014
42,3
97
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2010
0,510
100
2014
0,118
23
R818: Egypt
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,241
100
2010
0,434
180
2014
0,637
264
2015
0,719
298
2018
0,724
300
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2014
8,09
100
2015
6,20
77
2018
3,93
49
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2014
91,7
100
2015
93,7
102
2018
95,4
104
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2014
0,119
100
2018
0,491
413
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2014
0,066
100
2015
0,059
89
2018
0,038
58
R222: El Salvador
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2010
0,078
100
2013
0,064
82
2015
0,144
184
2017
0,181
232
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2010
0,556
100
2013
0,712
128
2015
41,9
7 543
2017
31,2
5 612
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2010
70,1
100
2013
42,7
61
2015
29,0
41
2017
39,2
56
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2010
20,8
100
2013
37,0
178
2015
21,2
102
2017
20,6
99
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2010
8,33
100
2013
16,4
197
2015
6,80
82
2017
7,68
92
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2010
0,125
100
2013
0,331
264
2017
0,009
7
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2010
0,014
100
2013
2,85
20 496
2015
1,09
7 808
2017
1,31
9 403
R233: Estonia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,924
100
2010
1,58
171
2015
1,47
159
2017
1,29
140
2018
1,43
154
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
38,5
100
2010
43,6
113
2015
41,0
107
2017
43,6
113
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
43,5
100
2010
44,1
101
2015
46,4
107
2017
40,2
92
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
0,768
100
2010
0,608
79
2015
0,215
28
2017
0,989
129
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
17,1
100
2010
11,4
67
2015
12,2
71
2017
15,0
88
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,185
100
2010
0,196
106
2015
0,241
131
2017
0,270
146
R748: Eswatini
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2015
0,270
100
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2015
22,3
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2015
41,7
100
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2015
33,5
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2015
2,51
100
R231: Ethiopia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,179
100
2010
0,241
135
2013
0,605
337
2017
0,274
153
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2010
10,8
100
2013
0,750
7
2017
1,51
14
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
69,2
100
2010
56,0
81
2013
79,1
114
2017
73,4
106
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2010
1,09
100
2013
1,80
166
2017
3,13
289
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
30,8
100
2010
30,0
97
2013
2,15
7
2017
19,1
62
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2010
2,16
100
2013
16,0
739
2017
1,36
63
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,059
100
2010
0,042
71
2013
0,226
382
2017
1,47
2 489
R234: Faroe Islands
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2003
0,857
100
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2003
20,4
100
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2003
18,7
100
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2003
60,6
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2003
0,276
100
R246: Finland
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
3,33
100
2010
3,73
112
2015
2,89
87
2017
2,76
83
2018
2,77
83
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
66,9
100
2010
66,1
99
2015
54,8
82
2017
58,0
87
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
25,7
100
2010
25,7
100
2015
28,9
113
2017
29,0
113
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
0,240
100
2010
0,197
82
2015
0,301
125
2017
0,517
215
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
6,28
100
2010
6,87
109
2015
14,5
231
2017
10,8
171
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,967
100
2010
1,14
118
2015
1,53
158
2017
1,69
175
R250: France
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
2,05
100
2010
2,18
106
2015
2,27
111
2017
2,21
108
2018
2,20
107
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
51,9
100
2010
53,5
103
2015
54,0
104
2017
56,1
108
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
38,6
100
2010
37,1
96
2015
34,8
90
2017
32,4
84
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
1,03
100
2010
1,03
100
2015
2,60
252
2017
2,73
265
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
7,53
100
2010
7,54
100
2015
7,62
101
2017
7,82
104
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,871
100
2010
0,790
91
2015
0,929
107
2017
0,953
109
R266: Gabon
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2009
0,579
100
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2009
29,3
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2009
58,1
100
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2009
9,55
100
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2009
3,09
100
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2009
0,009
100
R270: Gambia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2009
0,018
100
2011
0,133
761
2018
0,071
407
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2011
38,5
100
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2011
15,9
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2011
45,6
100
R268: Georgia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,177
100
2013
0,084
47
2015
0,320
181
2018
0,305
172
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2018
1,71
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2013
46,7
100
2018
42,5
91
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2013
14,7
100
2018
10,3
70
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2013
0,445
100
2018
1,71
383
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2013
3,12
100
2018
0,968
31
R276: Germany
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
2,43
100
2010
2,71
112
2015
2,91
120
2017
3,04
125
2018
3,09
127
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
67,5
100
2010
65,5
97
2015
65,6
97
2017
66,2
98
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
28,5
100
2010
30,4
107
2015
27,9
98
2017
27,7
97
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
3,74
100
2010
3,88
104
2015
6,15
165
2017
5,75
154
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,293
100
2010
0,235
80
2015
0,359
123
2017
0,346
118
R288: Ghana
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2010
0,377
100
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2010
0,102
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2010
68,3
100
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2010
31,2
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2010
0,107
100
R300: Greece
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,579
100
2010
0,598
103
2015
0,961
166
2018
1,18
203
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
31,1
100
2010
36,5
118
2015
31,4
101
2018
42,6
137
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
46,8
100
2010
48,3
103
2015
53,1
113
2018
40,6
87
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
1,68
100
2010
2,33
139
2015
2,46
147
2018
1,92
114
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
19,0
100
2010
11,9
62
2015
12,7
67
2018
14,2
75
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
1,45
100
2010
1,03
71
2015
0,419
29
2018
0,625
43
R304: Greenland
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2004
0,646
100
R316: Guam
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,257
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2001
100
100
R320: Guatemala
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,035
100
2010
0,044
124
2015
0,030
85
2017
0,028
80
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2017
10,3
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
42,1
100
2010
18,3
43
2015
27,8
66
2017
10,2
24
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
57,9
100
2010
30,9
53
2015
28,2
49
2017
79,5
137
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2010
50,8
100
2015
44,0
87
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2015
0,017
100
R340: Honduras
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2004
0,042
100
2015
0,015
36
2017
0,040
96
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2017
10,4
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2015
82,5
100
2017
44,9
54
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2017
3,52
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2017
13,8
100
R348: Hungary
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,921
100
2010
1,14
124
2015
1,36
148
2017
1,35
146
2018
1,55
169
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
39,4
100
2010
47,4
120
2015
49,7
126
2017
52,7
134
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
49,4
100
2010
39,3
80
2015
34,6
70
2017
31,9
65
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
10,7
100
2010
12,4
116
2015
15,0
140
2017
14,9
139
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,320
100
2010
0,936
292
2015
0,708
221
2017
0,550
172
R352: Iceland
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
2,69
100
2009
2,60
97
2015
2,20
82
2018
2,03
76
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
48,0
100
2009
47,8
100
2015
35,8
75
2018
40,2
84
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
40,5
100
2009
40,2
99
2015
30,8
76
2018
36,0
89
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2015
4,00
100
2018
3,31
83
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
11,2
100
2009
11,4
102
2015
25,4
227
2018
18,6
166
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,326
100
2009
0,579
178
2015
4,07
1 250
2018
1,87
573
R356: India
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,824
100
2010
0,789
96
2015
0,693
84
2017
0,666
81
2018
0,650
79
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2017
36,8
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2017
63,2
100
R360: Indonesia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2001
0,048
100
2009
0,083
175
2013
0,085
178
2018
0,226
475
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2001
14,7
100
2018
7,97
54
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2001
84,5
100
2018
87,7
104
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2018
0,070
100
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2001
0,650
100
2018
0,983
151
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2018
0,196
100
R364: Iran (Islamic Republic of)
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,623
100
2008
0,647
104
2010
0,264
42
2015
0,418
67
2017
0,830
133
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
12,2
100
2008
30,9
254
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
76,2
100
2008
61,6
81
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
11,6
100
2008
7,45
64
R368: Iraq
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2010
0,037
100
2015
0,038
103
2016
0,037
99
2018
0,043
117
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2015
1,10
100
2016
1,21
110
2018
1,85
168
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2010
100
100
2015
96,4
96
2016
96,0
96
2018
97,3
97
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2015
0,087
100
2016
0,053
61
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2015
0,300
100
2016
0,717
239
2018
0,325
108
R372: Ireland
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
1,19
100
2010
1,59
133
2015
1,18
99
2016
1,17
98
2018
1,15
96
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
57,4
100
2010
52,2
91
2015
48,7
85
2016
49,0
85
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
32
100
2010
29,4
92
2015
26,1
82
2016
25,8
81
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
1,73
100
2010
0,914
53
2015
0,970
56
2016
0,782
45
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
8,63
100
2010
17,0
197
2015
23,6
274
2016
23,6
274
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,197
100
2010
0,464
236
2015
0,599
304
2016
0,767
389
R376: Israel
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
4,05
100
2010
3,94
97
2015
4,26
105
2017
4,82
119
2018
4,95
122
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
56,2
100
2010
36,2
64
2015
33,2
59
2017
35,8
64
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
14,5
100
2010
14,2
98
2015
12,8
89
2017
10,6
74
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
2,81
100
2010
1,22
43
2015
0,674
24
2017
0,268
10
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
24,7
100
2010
47,3
191
2015
52,5
213
2017
52,6
213
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
1,78
100
2010
1,07
60
2015
0,797
45
2017
0,772
43
R380: Italy
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
1,05
100
2010
1,22
117
2015
1,34
128
2017
1,38
132
2018
1,40
134
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
39,7
100
2010
44,7
113
2015
50,0
126
2017
53,7
135
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
50,7
100
2010
41,6
82
2015
38,0
75
2017
32,3
64
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
0,092
100
2010
0,884
957
2015
0,992
1 074
2017
0,786
851
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
7,96
100
2010
9,82
123
2015
8,30
104
2017
11,7
147
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
1,61
100
2010
3,07
191
2015
2,73
170
2017
1,53
95
R388: Jamaica
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2002
0,061
100
R392: Japan
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
3,18
100
2010
3,14
99
2015
3,28
103
2018
3,26
103
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
76,1
100
2010
75,9
100
2015
78,0
102
2018
79,1
104
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
16,8
100
2010
17,2
102
2015
15,4
92
2018
14,6
87
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
6,07
100
2010
5,66
93
2015
5,40
89
2018
5,10
84
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
0,347
100
2010
0,447
129
2015
0,479
138
2018
0,611
176
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,700
100
2010
0,785
112
2015
0,738
105
2018
0,664
95
R400: Jordan
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2002
0,337
100
2008
0,430
128
2016
0,708
210
R398: Kazakhstan
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,284
100
2010
0,153
54
2011
0,154
54
2015
0,170
60
2018
0,123
43
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
39,1
100
2010
36,6
94
2011
51,6
132
2015
36,6
93
2018
47,4
121
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
44,5
100
2010
36,7
82
2011
24,9
56
2015
58,8
132
2018
44,5
100
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
13,4
100
2010
17,2
128
2011
16,3
122
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
1,54
100
2010
0,576
37
2011
0,274
18
2015
1,81
118
2018
2,66
173
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2015
2,85
100
2018
5,41
190
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
1,35
100
2010
8,89
660
2011
6,90
513
R404: Kenya
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2010
0,786
100
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2010
4,34
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2010
26,0
100
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2010
47,1
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2010
3,53
100
R414: Kuwait
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2004
0,130
100
2005
0,101
77
2009
0,112
86
2010
0,101
78
2014
0,427
328
2015
0,097
74
2018
0,062
48
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2004
5,97
100
2005
7,29
122
2009
2,33
39
2010
5,19
87
2014
0,953
16
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2004
93,2
100
2005
92,3
99
2009
96,5
103
2010
94,8
102
2014
90,2
97
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2004
0,777
100
2009
1,18
151
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2014
2,26
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,427
100
2010
0,013
3
2014
1,06
248
R417: Kyrgyzstan
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2003
0,223
100
2005
0,199
89
2010
0,156
70
2015
0,119
53
2017
0,107
48
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2003
53,7
100
2005
36,4
68
2015
8,67
16
2017
6,43
12
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2003
45,1
100
2005
63,6
141
2015
89,2
198
2017
89,5
198
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2003
0,107
100
2015
0,250
233
2017
0,247
230
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2003
1,07
100
2005
0,015
1
2015
1,00
94
2017
3,10
289
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2015
0,828
100
2017
0,722
87
R418: Lao People's Dem. Rep.
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2002
0,037
100
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2002
36,0
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2002
8,00
100
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2002
54,0
100
R428: Latvia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,530
100
2010
0,611
115
2015
0,626
118
2017
0,510
96
2018
0,631
119
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
34,3
100
2010
38,8
113
2015
20,0
58
2017
24,1
70
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
46,0
100
2010
26,4
57
2015
32,7
71
2017
43,6
95
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
1,22
100
2010
1,43
117
2015
2,23
183
2017
2,47
202
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
18,5
100
2010
33,4
181
2015
45,0
244
2017
29,8
161
R426: Lesotho
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2004
0,055
100
2009
0,029
52
2011
0,012
21
2015
0,048
87
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2009
3,38
100
2015
0,781
23
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2009
15,0
100
2015
91,1
609
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2011
3,45
100
2015
7,82
227
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2009
78,9
100
2011
51,9
66
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2015
0,339
100
R440: Lithuania
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,747
100
2010
0,784
105
2015
1,04
139
2017
0,898
120
2018
0,945
126
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
20,8
100
2010
32,4
155
2015
28,5
137
2017
35,4
170
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
62,7
100
2010
46,0
73
2015
35,3
56
2017
36,4
58
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
5,66
100
2010
1,46
26
2015
1,46
26
2017
3,65
64
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
10,5
100
2010
19,9
190
2015
34,3
327
2017
24,4
232
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,222
100
2010
0,185
83
2015
0,310
140
2017
0,144
65
R442: Luxembourg
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
1,57
100
2010
1,50
96
2015
1,28
82
2017
1,30
83
2018
1,24
79
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
79,7
100
2010
43,5
55
2015
47,1
59
2017
49,6
62
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
16,6
100
2010
35,1
212
2015
47,7
287
2017
43,1
259
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
0,042
100
2010
0,627
1 479
2015
1,65
3 882
2017
1,37
3 240
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
3,56
100
2010
20,6
580
2015
3,38
95
2017
5,70
160
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,064
100
2010
0,136
214
2015
0,211
332
2017
0,264
414
R450: Madagascar
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,176
100
2009
0,147
84
2010
0,113
65
2011
0,106
60
2014
0,016
9
2017
0,015
8
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
89,8
100
2009
89,4
100
2010
100
111
2011
100
111
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
10,2
100
2009
10,6
103
R458: Malaysia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2004
0,600
100
2010
1,04
173
2015
1,30
217
2016
1,44
239
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2004
71,2
100
2010
59,6
84
2015
49,6
70
2016
56,9
80
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2004
21,5
100
2010
36,4
169
2015
35,8
166
2016
28,8
134
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2004
6,90
100
2010
3,55
51
2015
6,98
101
2016
12,8
185
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2004
0,369
100
2010
0,356
96
2015
1,68
455
2016
0,903
245
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2010
0,092
100
2015
5,98
6 521
2016
0,681
743
R466: Mali
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2007
0,219
100
2010
0,584
267
2015
0,315
144
2017
0,292
133
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2007
10,1
100
2015
0,890
9
2017
0,825
8
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2007
40,9
100
2010
91,2
223
2015
43,6
107
2017
46,0
113
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2007
49,0
100
2010
8,81
18
2015
32,7
67
2017
50,2
102
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2015
22,4
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2015
0,334
100
2017
2,98
891
R470: Malta
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,530
100
2010
0,607
114
2015
0,741
140
2017
0,583
110
2018
0,575
108
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
46,8
100
2010
52,5
112
2015
45,6
98
2017
56,4
120
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
25,9
100
2010
34,4
133
2015
32,8
127
2017
31,3
121
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
0,382
100
2010
1,31
342
2015
1,10
289
2017
1,31
344
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
26,9
100
2010
11,7
43
2015
20,4
76
2017
10,8
40
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,084
100
2010
0,130
154
2015
0,059
70
2017
0,284
336
R478: Mauritania
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2018
0,014
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2018
92,8
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2018
7,21
100
R480: Mauritius
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,361
100
2012
0,178
49
2018
0,346
96
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2012
0,273
100
2018
4,10
1 502
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
100
100
2012
72,4
72
2018
79,4
79
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2012
6,43
100
2018
1,03
16
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2018
11,0
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2012
0,112
100
R484: Mexico
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,398
100
2010
0,495
124
2015
0,430
108
2018
0,312
78
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
41,5
100
2010
33,0
80
2015
17,4
42
2018
18,6
45
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
49,2
100
2010
64,0
130
2015
79,7
162
2018
76,8
156
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
7,29
100
2010
2,03
28
2015
1,74
24
2018
2,83
39
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
1,08
100
2010
0,501
46
2015
0,628
58
2018
0,912
84
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,933
100
2010
0,478
51
2015
0,548
59
2018
0,838
90
R492: Monaco
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,038
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
98,8
100
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2005
1,23
100
R496: Mongolia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,238
100
2010
0,244
103
2014
0,223
94
2015
0,155
65
2016
0,183
77
2018
0,103
43
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
10,4
100
2010
7,24
70
2014
7,47
72
2015
7,35
71
2016
4,93
47
2018
8,09
78
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
77,8
100
2010
61,1
79
2014
75,8
97
2015
80,1
103
2016
86,3
111
2018
80,9
104
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
0,845
100
2010
1,49
176
2014
3,20
379
2015
9,68
1 146
2016
3,72
441
2018
7,10
840
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
4,40
100
2010
4,24
96
2014
2,85
65
2016
2,14
49
2018
3,50
80
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2005
6,52
100
2010
25,9
397
2014
10,7
164
2015
2,91
45
2016
2,12
33
2018
0,359
6
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2016
0,805
100
R499: Montenegro
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,924
100
2007
1,15
124
2015
0,374
40
2017
0,349
38
2018
0,368
40
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2015
29,9
100
2017
18,7
63
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2015
57,8
100
2017
64,1
111
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2015
5,91
100
2017
10,3
174
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2015
0,023
100
R504: Morocco
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2003
0,631
100
2010
0,715
113
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2003
12,3
100
2010
29,9
243
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2003
40,3
100
2010
23,1
57
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2003
47,4
100
2010
45,3
96
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2010
1,71
100
R508: Mozambique
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2002
0,421
100
2010
0,423
100
2015
0,338
80
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2015
0,472
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2002
34,7
100
2010
18,8
54
2015
43,5
125
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2002
65,3
100
2010
78,1
120
2015
39,9
61
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2015
2,84
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2010
3,02
100
R104: Myanmar
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2002
0,162
100
2017
0,032
20
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2017
77,4
100
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2017
22,5
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2017
0,015
100
R516: Namibia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2010
0,142
100
2014
0,340
240
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2010
19,8
100
2014
11,1
56
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2010
78,6
100
2014
63,2
80
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2010
1,54
100
2014
15,8
1 028
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2014
3,87
100
R524: Nepal
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2010
0,302
100
R528: Netherlands
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
1,77
100
2009
1,67
94
2010
1,70
96
2015
1,98
112
2017
1,98
112
2018
2,16
122
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
46,3
100
2009
45,1
97
2015
48,6
105
2017
51,6
111
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
38,8
100
2009
40,9
105
2015
33,1
85
2017
31,4
81
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
0,256
100
2009
0,288
113
2015
0,160
63
2017
0,219
85
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
12,0
100
2009
10,8
90
2015
15,5
129
2017
14,3
119
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
2,58
100
2009
2,82
110
2015
2,56
99
2017
2,46
95
R554: New Zealand
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
1,12
100
2009
1,25
112
2015
1,23
110
2017
1,37
122
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
41,1
100
2009
39,0
95
2015
43,8
107
2017
46,4
113
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
43,2
100
2009
44,7
104
2015
37,1
86
2017
35,8
83
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
5,20
100
2009
5,22
100
2015
7,75
149
2017
7,70
148
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
1,69
100
2009
2,84
168
2015
3,09
183
2017
2,54
151
R558: Nicaragua
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2002
0,035
100
2015
0,107
308
R566: Nigeria
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2007
0,132
100
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2007
0,159
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2007
96,4
100
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2007
0,082
100
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2007
1,04
100
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2007
0,641
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2007
1,73
100
R807: North Macedonia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2002
0,245
100
2005
0,228
93
2010
0,216
88
2015
0,444
182
2018
0,364
149
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2002
7,79
100
2015
16,8
215
2018
30,1
386
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2002
76,3
100
2015
52,9
69
2018
45,2
59
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2002
7,33
100
2015
25,0
341
2018
20,2
276
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2002
8,55
100
2015
5,24
61
2018
4,29
50
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2002
0,019
100
2015
0,145
763
2018
0,200
1 051
R578: Norway
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
1,48
100
2009
1,72
116
2010
1,65
111
2015
1,93
130
2017
2,09
141
2018
2,07
140
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
46,8
100
2009
43,6
93
2015
44,2
95
2017
42,8
92
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
43,6
100
2009
46,8
107
2015
44,9
103
2017
46,7
107
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
0,676
100
2009
0,430
64
2015
0,432
64
2017
0,442
65
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
8,07
100
2009
8,20
102
2015
9,20
114
2017
8,84
110
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,901
100
2009
0,989
110
2015
1,20
134
2017
1,22
135
R512: Oman
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2012
0,208
100
2013
0,170
81
2015
0,250
120
2018
0,220
105
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2012
29,9
100
2013
24,5
82
2015
21,4
71
2018
31,8
106
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2012
47,8
100
2013
48,6
102
2015
55,7
116
2018
43,3
91
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2012
0,009
100
2018
1,50
17 668
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2013
2,34
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2012
0,269
100
2013
0,069
26
2015
0,214
79
2018
4,27
1 583
R586: Pakistan
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,437
100
2009
0,448
103
2015
0,246
56
2017
0,236
54
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
87,0
100
2009
84,0
97
2015
67,0
77
2017
61,8
71
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
11,9
100
2009
12,1
102
2015
25,5
215
2017
35,1
295
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
0,349
100
2009
0,921
264
2015
2,66
762
2017
1,33
383
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2005
0,761
100
2009
1,28
168
2015
4,56
599
2017
1,43
189
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2009
1,66
100
2015
0,282
17
2017
0,323
19
R591: Panama
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2003
0,321
100
2005
0,232
72
2010
0,145
45
2015
0,120
37
2016
0,145
45
2017
0,147
46
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2003
0,600
100
2005
0,420
70
2010
3,41
568
2015
0,860
143
2016
0,536
89
2017
1,54
257
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2003
25,5
100
2005
38,5
151
2010
53,9
211
2015
26,4
104
2016
48,0
188
2017
55,7
218
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2003
1,80
100
2005
1,44
80
2010
5,96
331
2015
0,768
43
2016
5,99
333
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2003
71
100
2005
58,9
83
2010
22,7
32
2015
57,2
81
2016
38,8
55
2017
34,7
49
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2003
0,100
100
2010
0,007
7
2015
0,015
15
2017
0,055
55
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2003
1
100
2005
0,651
65
2010
14,0
1 401
2015
14,8
1 479
2016
6,72
672
2017
8,02
802
R598: Papua New Guinea
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2016
0,032
100
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2016
4,47
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2016
38,7
100
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2016
39,7
100
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2016
8,77
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2016
0,755
100
R600: Paraguay
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,061
100
2008
0,041
68
2015
0,097
159
2017
0,149
244
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
0,310
100
2008
0,250
81
2015
0,280
90
2017
0,226
73
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
74,9
100
2008
76,2
102
2015
73,1
98
2017
77,4
103
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
8,64
100
2008
9,20
107
2015
2,05
24
2017
3,86
45
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
14,2
100
2008
12,3
86
2015
10,3
73
2017
11,5
81
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2015
10,1
100
2017
4,26
42
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
1,96
100
2008
2,10
107
2015
4,15
211
2017
2,76
141
R604: Peru
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2004
0,156
100
2015
0,117
75
2018
0,127
82
R608: Philippines
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,111
100
2009
0,114
102
2015
0,164
147
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
62,6
100
2009
57,5
92
2015
38,0
61
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
25,6
100
2009
26,7
104
2015
49,4
193
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
5,99
100
2009
7,75
129
2015
9,93
166
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
4,77
100
2009
4,18
88
2015
1,80
38
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2005
0,318
100
2009
3,38
1 062
2015
0,433
136
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,666
100
2009
0,419
63
2015
0,434
65
R616: Poland
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,563
100
2010
0,721
128
2015
1,00
178
2017
1,03
184
2018
1,21
215
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
33,4
100
2010
24,4
73
2015
39,0
117
2017
52,5
158
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
57,7
100
2010
60,9
106
2015
41,8
72
2017
38,3
66
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
2,90
100
2010
2,52
87
2015
2,20
76
2017
2,96
102
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
5,74
100
2010
11,8
206
2015
16,7
291
2017
5,95
104
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,296
100
2010
0,315
106
2015
0,228
77
2017
0,263
89
R620: Portugal
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,757
100
2010
1,53
202
2015
1,24
164
2017
1,33
175
2018
1,37
180
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
36,3
100
2010
43,9
121
2015
42,7
118
2017
46,5
128
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
55,2
100
2010
45,1
82
2015
44,3
80
2017
41,0
74
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
1,01
100
2010
3,16
314
2015
4,39
436
2017
3,91
388
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
4,70
100
2010
3,19
68
2015
7,37
157
2017
7,32
156
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
2,83
100
2010
4,60
163
2015
1,28
45
2017
1,22
43
R630: Puerto Rico
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2009
0,451
100
2015
0,429
95
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2015
69,4
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2015
23,1
100
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2015
0,564
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2015
0,293
100
R634: Qatar
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2015
0,519
100
2018
0,507
98
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2015
7,06
100
2018
9,25
131
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2015
42,6
100
2018
32,4
76
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2015
1,85
100
2018
0,506
27
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2015
0,038
100
2018
0,035
92
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2015
27,8
100
2018
12,7
46
R410: Republic of Korea
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
2,63
100
2010
3,47
132
2015
4,22
161
2018
4,81
183
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
75,0
100
2010
71,8
96
2015
74,5
99
2018
76,6
102
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
23,0
100
2010
26,7
116
2015
23,7
103
2018
20,5
89
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
0,906
100
2010
0,852
94
2015
0,644
71
2018
0,576
64
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
0,710
100
2010
0,217
31
2015
0,752
106
2018
1,94
273
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,400
100
2010
0,380
95
2015
0,395
99
2018
0,310
77
R498: Republic of Moldova
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,399
100
2010
0,367
92
2015
0,309
78
2016
0,277
69
2018
0,255
64
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2018
15,5
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2018
76,7
100
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2018
2,83
100
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
3,80
100
2010
7,37
194
2015
11,6
307
2016
4,18
110
2018
4,95
130
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2005
96,2
100
2010
92,6
96
2015
88,4
92
2016
95,8
100
R642: Romania
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,413
100
2010
0,457
111
2015
0,488
118
2017
0,504
122
2018
0,505
122
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
37,2
100
2010
32,3
87
2015
37,3
100
2017
54,4
146
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
53,5
100
2010
54,4
102
2015
41,7
78
2017
35,9
67
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
3,99
100
2010
2,17
54
2015
1,70
43
2017
1,70
43
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
5,25
100
2010
11,1
212
2015
19,2
366
2017
7,92
151
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,023
100
2010
0,038
164
2015
0,092
395
2017
0,042
179
R643: Russian Federation
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
1,07
100
2010
1,13
106
2015
1,10
103
2018
0,990
93
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
30,0
100
2010
25,5
85
2015
26,5
88
2018
29,5
98
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
61,9
100
2010
70,3
114
2015
69,5
112
2018
67,0
108
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
0,426
100
2010
0,466
109
2015
1,19
279
2018
0,860
202
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
7,59
100
2010
3,55
47
2015
2,65
35
2018
2,35
31
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,030
100
2010
0,130
441
2015
0,171
579
2018
0,269
907
R646: Rwanda
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2016
0,666
100
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2016
0,629
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2016
64,5
100
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2016
33,7
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2016
0,693
100
R670: Saint Vincent & Grenadines
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2002
0,120
100
R682: Saudi Arabia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,042
100
2010
0,884
2 090
2013
0,815
1 927
R686: Senegal
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2010
0,431
100
2015
0,577
134
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2010
4,10
100
2015
2,09
51
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2010
47,6
100
2015
85,4
179
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2010
0,033
100
2015
0,099
298
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2010
40,5
100
2015
7,89
19
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2010
4,49
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2010
3,23
100
2015
4,48
139
R688: Serbia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,395
100
2010
0,702
178
2015
0,812
205
2018
0,921
233
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2010
8,62
100
2015
12,8
148
2018
10,0
116
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2010
59,4
100
2015
50,6
85
2018
43,1
73
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2010
3,58
100
2015
12,6
351
2018
21,6
603
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2010
0,044
100
2015
0,014
31
2018
0,028
63
R690: Seychelles
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,302
100
2016
0,222
73
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2016
1,98
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2016
56,1
100
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2016
33,9
100
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2016
0,280
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2016
3,22
100
R702: Singapore
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
2,15
100
2010
1,93
90
2015
2,18
102
2017
1,94
91
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
58,6
100
2010
51,8
88
2015
52,8
90
2017
52,2
89
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
35,7
100
2010
41,2
115
2015
38,2
107
2017
37,4
105
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
1,30
100
2010
1,98
153
2015
2,23
172
2017
3,28
253
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
4,38
100
2010
5,00
114
2015
6,82
156
2017
7,09
162
R703: Slovakia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,494
100
2010
0,616
125
2015
1,17
237
2018
0,833
169
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
36,6
100
2010
35,1
96
2015
25,1
68
2018
48,8
133
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
57,0
100
2010
49,6
87
2015
31,9
56
2018
38,0
67
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
0,293
100
2010
0,423
144
2015
3,26
1 111
2018
1,66
566
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
6,04
100
2010
14,7
243
2015
39,4
653
2018
11,2
186
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,040
100
2010
0,280
696
2015
0,317
789
2018
0,252
626
R705: Slovenia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
1,41
100
2010
2,06
146
2015
2,20
155
2017
1,87
132
2018
1,94
138
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
54,8
100
2010
58,4
107
2015
69,2
126
2017
63,1
115
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
37,2
100
2010
35,3
95
2015
19,9
53
2017
22,9
61
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
0,720
100
2010
0,284
39
2015
0,339
47
2017
0,453
63
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
7,26
100
2010
6,01
83
2015
10,6
145
2017
13,1
180
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,020
100
2010
0,062
306
2015
0,008
38
2017
0,445
2 212
R710: South Africa
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,863
100
2010
0,737
85
2015
0,799
93
2017
0,832
96
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
43,9
100
2010
40,1
91
2015
38,9
89
2017
41,5
95
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
38,2
100
2010
44,5
117
2015
44,6
117
2017
46,7
122
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
2,96
100
2010
0,054
2
2015
0,144
5
2017
0,184
6
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
13,6
100
2010
12,1
89
2015
13,0
96
2017
10,2
75
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
1,43
100
2010
3,21
225
2015
3,33
233
2017
1,47
103
R724: Spain
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
1,10
100
2010
1,35
123
2015
1,22
111
2017
1,21
110
2018
1,24
113
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
46,3
100
2010
43,0
93
2015
45,8
99
2017
47,8
103
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
43,0
100
2010
46,6
108
2015
40,9
95
2017
38,9
90
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
4,12
100
2010
3,95
96
2015
4,31
105
2017
4,32
105
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
5,74
100
2010
5,73
100
2015
8,04
140
2017
8,21
143
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,855
100
2010
0,685
80
2015
0,873
102
2017
0,785
92
R144: Sri Lanka
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2000
0,144
100
2004
0,182
127
2010
0,137
95
2015
0,109
76
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2000
7,73
100
2004
0,575
7
2010
40,9
529
2015
34,4
445
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2000
51,7
100
2004
67,5
131
2010
55,9
108
2015
59,6
115
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2000
18,5
100
2010
0,187
1
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2000
4,53
100
2004
22,6
500
2010
2,72
60
2015
1,48
33
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2000
17,5
100
2004
9,26
53
2010
0,258
1
2015
2,11
12
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2015
2,33
100
R275: State of Palestine
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2010
0,393
100
2013
0,492
125
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2010
0,931
100
2013
3,76
404
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2010
21,3
100
2013
29,4
138
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2010
52,4
100
2013
24,2
46
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2010
18,2
100
2013
21,1
116
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2010
4,94
100
2013
17,1
345
R729: Sudan
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,298
100
R752: Sweden
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
3,38
100
2009
3,45
102
2010
3,21
95
2013
3,30
98
2015
3,26
96
2017
3,40
100
2018
3,34
99
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
63,9
100
2009
59,5
93
2013
61,0
95
2015
57,3
90
2017
60,8
95
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
24,4
100
2009
27,0
111
2013
28,3
116
2017
25,0
103
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
0,677
100
2009
0,627
93
2013
0,986
146
2015
0,944
139
2017
0,736
109
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
8,11
100
2009
10,3
127
2013
6,71
83
2017
10,1
124
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
2,89
100
2009
2,56
89
2013
3,07
106
2015
3,34
116
2017
3,29
114
R756: Switzerland
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2004
2,67
100
2008
2,71
102
2015
3,37
126
2017
3,37
126
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2004
69,7
100
2008
68,2
98
2015
63,5
91
2017
67,0
96
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2004
22,7
100
2008
22,8
101
2015
24,4
107
2017
25,9
114
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2004
1,53
100
2008
2,33
152
2015
1,48
97
2017
1,39
91
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2004
5,23
100
2008
5,95
114
2015
10,2
195
2017
5,22
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2004
0,802
100
2008
0,693
87
2015
0,468
58
2017
0,456
57
R762: Tajikistan
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2001
0,090
100
2005
0,096
107
2006
0,107
120
2010
0,089
100
2011
0,122
136
2013
0,119
132
2015
0,109
122
2018
0,097
108
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2001
0,614
100
2005
2,23
363
2006
0,180
29
2010
1,91
310
2011
1,65
268
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2001
97,3
100
2005
91,5
94
2006
76,3
78
2010
76,2
78
2011
82,1
84
2013
92,5
95
2015
100
103
2018
100
103
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2001
0,196
100
2006
0,649
331
2013
0,210
107
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2001
1,92
100
2005
5,47
285
2006
19,9
1 036
2010
19,7
1 025
2011
15,1
787
2013
7,13
372
R764: Thailand
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,219
100
2009
0,235
107
2015
0,616
281
2017
1,00
459
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
48,7
100
2009
41,4
85
2015
66,2
136
2017
80,8
166
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
31,5
100
2009
37,9
120
2015
20,5
65
2017
12,2
39
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
14,9
100
2009
17,8
119
2015
5,52
37
2017
5,69
38
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
1,84
100
2009
1,00
55
2015
1,55
84
2017
0,687
37
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2005
2,40
100
2009
1,57
65
2015
6,03
251
2017
0,104
4
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,708
100
2009
0,317
45
2015
0,132
19
2017
0,501
71
R768: Togo
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2010
0,235
100
2012
0,223
95
2014
0,267
114
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2010
88,3
100
2012
84,9
96
2014
94,5
107
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2010
11,7
100
2012
12,1
103
2014
5,54
47
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2012
3,08
100
R780: Trinidad and Tobago
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,114
100
2010
0,048
42
2015
0,086
75
2017
0,092
80
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2017
8,23
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2017
75,0
100
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2017
16,8
100
R788: Tunisia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,712
100
2010
0,690
97
2015
0,630
88
2018
0,600
84
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
14,4
100
2010
17,1
119
2015
18,9
131
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
79,2
100
2010
78,1
99
2015
77,1
97
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
6,37
100
2010
4,80
75
2015
3,94
62
R792: Turkey
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,569
100
2010
0,799
140
2015
0,882
155
2017
0,961
169
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
43,3
100
2010
38,2
88
2015
44,6
103
2017
49,4
114
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
50,1
100
2010
43,1
86
2015
38,5
77
2017
33,6
67
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2010
16,8
100
2015
15,0
89
2017
13,3
79
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
0,787
100
2010
1,74
222
2015
1,92
244
2017
3,48
443
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
5,77
100
2010
0,137
2
2015
0,037
1
2017
0,138
2
R800: Uganda
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,215
100
2010
0,476
221
2014
0,170
79
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
1,66
100
2010
13,7
823
2014
3,41
205
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
41,5
100
2010
21,9
53
2014
37,9
91
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
56,9
100
2010
57,3
101
2014
52,4
92
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2014
0,671
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2010
6,05
100
2014
3,32
55
R804: Ukraine
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
1,03
100
2010
0,834
81
2014
0,650
63
2015
0,615
60
2018
0,471
46
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
32,3
100
2010
26,2
81
2014
35,2
109
2015
40,3
125
2018
30,5
95
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
40,1
100
2010
46,7
116
2014
43,8
109
2015
39,4
98
2018
46,3
115
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
0,112
100
2010
0,192
171
2014
0,161
144
2015
0,169
150
2018
0,287
256
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
24,4
100
2010
25,7
106
2014
19,8
81
2015
18,2
75
2018
21,7
89
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2005
2,80
100
2010
1,07
38
2014
1,05
38
2015
2,02
72
2018
1,08
39
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
0,356
100
2010
0,112
31
2014
0,028
8
2018
0,127
36
R784: United Arab Emirates
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2014
0,694
100
2015
0,895
129
2018
1,30
188
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2014
74,3
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2014
25,7
100
R826: United Kingdom
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
1,56
100
2010
1,66
106
2015
1,67
107
2017
1,70
109
2018
1,72
110
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
42,1
100
2010
44,0
105
2015
49,0
116
2017
53,7
128
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
32,7
100
2010
32,3
99
2015
27,7
85
2017
26,0
79
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
1,23
100
2010
1,24
101
2015
1,37
112
2017
0,694
57
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
19,3
100
2010
17,6
91
2015
17,1
89
2017
14,4
75
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
4,71
100
2010
4,81
102
2015
4,91
104
2017
5,16
109
R834: United Rep. of Tanzania
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2010
0,373
100
2013
0,515
138
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2010
0,079
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2010
57,5
100
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2010
0,332
100
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2010
42,0
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2010
0,052
100
R840: United States of America
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
2,52
100
2010
2,74
109
2015
2,72
108
2018
2,84
113
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
63,3
100
2010
56,9
90
2015
62,5
99
2018
62,4
99
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
30,8
100
2010
32,6
106
2015
25,3
82
2018
23,0
75
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2005
2,82
100
2010
2,95
105
2015
3,49
124
2018
3,63
129
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2010
3,73
100
2015
5,02
135
2018
7,30
196
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2005
3,08
100
2010
3,78
123
2015
3,65
119
2018
3,73
121
R850: United States Virgin Islands
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2002
0,066
100
2005
0,029
44
2007
0,027
41
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2002
70,8
100
2005
100
141
2007
100
141
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2002
1,20
100
R858: Uruguay
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2000
0,209
100
2002
0,238
114
2010
0,341
163
2011
0,349
167
2015
0,365
174
2017
0,484
231
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2000
39,3
100
2002
46,7
119
2010
47,1
120
2011
8,50
22
2015
4,57
12
2017
4,59
12
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2000
20,3
100
2002
17,1
84
2010
22,9
113
2011
30,8
152
2015
28,6
141
2017
28,2
139
P2703: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Higher education (%)
2000
35,7
100
2002
31,4
88
2010
26,6
75
2011
45,2
127
2015
59,2
166
2017
59,5
167
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2000
4,78
100
2002
4,70
98
2010
1,67
35
2011
6,53
137
2015
7,38
154
2017
7,42
155
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2000
0,020
100
2010
0,764
3 822
2011
8,88
44 419
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2002
0,100
100
2010
0,877
877
2011
0,078
78
2015
0,268
268
2017
0,269
269
R860: Uzbekistan
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,237
100
2010
0,195
82
2015
0,174
73
2018
0,130
55
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2005
52,7
100
2010
35,1
67
2015
38,9
74
2018
42,4
80
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2005
43,1
100
2010
57,8
134
2015
57,0
132
2018
54,3
126
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2005
0,561
100
2010
2,36
421
2015
1,19
212
2018
0,297
53
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2005
3,59
100
2010
4,66
130
2015
2,92
81
2018
2,96
83
R862: Venezuela (Boliv. Rep. of)
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,189
100
2010
0,188
100
2014
0,337
178
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2014
59,6
100
2015
89,1
149
2016
91,1
153
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2014
32,0
100
R704: Viet Nam
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2002
0,193
100
2015
0,441
229
2017
0,527
273
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2002
18,1
100
2015
58,1
322
2017
64,1
355
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2002
74,1
100
2015
33,0
45
2017
26,9
36
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2002
6,33
100
2015
2,89
46
2017
4,49
71
P2705: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Not distributed (%)
2002
0,840
100
2015
5,04
600
2017
3,05
363
R894: Zambia
P2700: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: as a percentage of GDP (%)
2005
0,025
100
2008
0,278
1 117
P2701: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Business enterprises (%)
2008
3,23
100
P2702: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Government (%)
2008
94,8
100
P2704: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Funds from abroad (%)
2008
1,62
100
P2706: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D: Private non-profit (%)
2008
0,323
100